Safety device for punch-presses.



B. J. GRAHAM;

SAFETY DEVICE FOR PUNCH PRESSES APPLICATION FILED 1'AN.23,1915.

WITHESSE 5 Patented J an. 4, 1916.

3 $HEETSSHEET l.

B. J. GRAHAM.

SAFETY DEVICE FOR PUNCH PRESSES.

APPLICATION HLED JAN. 23, l9l5.

Patented J an. 4, 1916.

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SAFETY DEVICE FOR PUNCH PRESSES. APPLICATION FILED 11111.23. 1915.

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BENJAMIN J. GRAHAM, OF BEVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF TOCHARLES H. SHERBURNE, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

SAFETY DEVICE FOR PUNCH-PRESSES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN J. GRA- HAM, of Beverly, in the county ofEssex and State of Massachusetts, a citizen of the United States, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Safety Devices forPuncl1Presses and the like, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,forming a part of this specification, in explaining its nature.

The present invention relates to an attachment for punch presses orother machines which during their operation might injure the hands of anoperator, and it consists of a movable guard and improved mechanism forcontrolling the guard for safeguarding the operator.

Among the essential objects of my invention is to provide such controlfor the guard as may have characteristics especially to be desired in acontrol of this kind, viz: positiveness and precision of operation withreation to the operation of the machine, the reduction of wear,adjustability, and also ease of attachment to any machine.

It is my further object to provide whereby the machine cannot be starteduntil the guard is occupying a closed position.

The invention can best be seen and understood by reference to thedrawings in which the attachment is shown applied to a punch press ofcommon type and in which Figure 1 shows the parts in front elevation.Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof. Fig. 3 shows various combined partsof the attachment mainly in vertical section but partly in sideelevation. Fig. 4: is a view partly in'front elevation and partly invertical section of one of the operating parts of the device to whichspecial reference will hereinafter be made. Fig. 5 is a section on theline of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a section on the line 66 of Fig. 4. v

' Referring to the drawings, 1 represents the body or frame of themachine. 2 are the legs supporting the body.

3 is the usual eccentric shaft mounted upon the body and operating toreciprocate the holder or crosshead l working within guides 5 secured tothe frame.

8 is the die-with which the punch coop-v crates and which is mountedupon the table or base of the body of the machine.

Patented Jarnl, 1916. I

10 is the treadle for starting and stopping the machine. This treadle ispivoted to the rear right hand leg of the machine and operates througha. connecting rod 11 pivoted to it to control a clutch arrangement 12operable in the usual manner to connect the power with the eccentricshaft for operating the machine and for disconnecting the power from theeccentric shaft for stopping the machine as the clutch arrangement isreversely operated. The connection of the 1 power with the eccentricshaft and the starting of the machine are accomplished by the depressionof the treadle and are effected only when the treadle has been moveddownward to the limit ofits stroke. Reversely the raising of the treadleor the return there of to its raised position operates to throw out thepower and stop the machine. The treadle is maintained in a normal raisedpo-' sition, thereby disconnecting the power from the eccentric shaft,by means of a spring 13 secured to the under side of the body of themachine and connecting with the treadle through a link connectionl. Theproper initial raised position of the treadle is defined by means'of abracket 15 secured to the floor or base upon which the machine ismounted and extending loosely around the treadle 1n the manner of astrap. Carried by this "bracket is an adjusting screw 17 against whichthe treadle is adapted to con tact when returned to a raised position bythe spring, the end of the screw acting as an adjustable stop fordefining the proper raised position of the treadle or that posi-.

tion to which it is returned for stopping the A machine. I

The. parts above indicated comprise no part of my invention and arereferred to merely for a proper understanding of the relativedisposition, arrangement and operation o the parts comprising myinvention to which attention will now be directed and which comprise thesafety guard and means controlling it or otherwise pertaining thereto.

20 represents the guard. This consists of a rectangular plate ofcelluloid or other suitable mater al preferably reinforced with wire 21embedded within it. The guard or plate is arranged at the front of themachine adjacent the entrance to the space or gap traversed by the punchor tool during its operation. The closed position of the guard is thatshown in the full lines of the drawings where it entirely closes the gapor space leading to the tool and accordingly prevents the hands of theoperator from entering this space. FY0111 this position the guard ismoved vertically into a position indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 1where it will be seen that the space leading to the tool and die is leftentirely clear for the insertion or removal of the work.

The guard is mounted within a frame consisting of vertical side bars 22and a bottom .iorizontally-extending bar 28 to which the side bars aresecured. The bars 22 are grooved along their inner sides or faces toreceive the side edges of the guard which is inserted from above and isaccordingly removable, the guard being provided with a tab 2a to assistin its application to or removal from the frame.

The bottom horizontally-e -:tending frame bar 23 of the guard proje ulatera y at either side beyond the respe "ivc side bars 22. On the leftside of the machine the projecting end of this bar is provided with anupwardly-extending rod 25 fixed to it. This rod extends through a guide26 fastened to the frame or body of the machine. The rod 25 and guidetherefor assist in preventing displacement of the guard or plate duringits vertical up and down movement.

The right laterally-projecting end of the crossbar 23 of the guard framehas fixed to it a piston rod 28. This rod has an upward verticalextension and is secured to a piston 29 contained within a cylinder 30.This cylinder is vertically arranged and secured to the right face ofthe frame of the machine by any suitable attaching brackets 31.

Coiled around the piston rod 28 between the piston 29 and the bottom endof the cylinder 36 is a spring 33. This spring, as will later be morefully explained, operates through its bearing against the piston 29,thence through the piston rod 28 and guard frame to normally hold theguard in its outof-the-way or open position. In this connection it is tobe observed that the location of the cylinder 30 on the frame is such asnot to interfere with the raising and lowering of the guard.

Connecting with the top end 34- of the cylinder 29 and leading into thechamber thereof is a pipe 35 which extends up and over the frame of themachine and thence down over the rear side thereof, thence forwardbeneath the body of the machine to 10. The cylinder 36 has within it adia phragm 38, the cylinder chamber into which the pipe 35- enters beingformed between this diaphragm and the bottom end 39 of the cylinder.Contained within this chamber above the point where the pipe 35 entersthe same is a piston 40. Secured to this piston is a shortpiston rod 4-1which extends upward through the diaphragm 38 into the chamber of thecylinder above the diaphragm where the diameter of the piston rod iscontracted to receive a crossbar which is otherwise secured to the endof the piston rod by a nut 43 threaded on the end of the rod. Thecrossbar a2 is horizontally arranged and projects laterally at eitherend through slots 4:4: formed in the wall of the cylinder (see Fig. 4),the projecting ends 45 of the rod being rounded to receive the arms of astirrup as loosely mounted thereon and held against lateral displacementby pins 47 passed through the ends of the bar 4-2 beyond the arms of thestirrup. The stirrup l6 extends downward and around the body of thecylinder 36 whereby it may turn freely with relation thereto. Connectingwith the stirrup is a link 4:8 which ex. tends downwardly therefrom andis pivot' ally connected to the treadle at about the center of itsextension.

For a special purpose, as will later be ex plained, the link L8 isadjustably secured to the stirrup in the following manner: As will beobserved by reference to Fig. l, the link passes upwardly through thecrossbar ll) of the stirrup, lying beneath the cylinder 36. Fixed to thelink on the under side of the stirrup is a collar 50. This collar isadapted to bear aganst the bar l9 of the stirrup as the link is ifted.Above the bar l9 of the stirrup there is secured to the ore jecting endof the link e18 an adjustable collar 51. This collar is loosely mountedupon the link and bound thereto at any desired point within the limitsof its adjustment by a binding screw The collar 51 is adapted to bearagainst the stirrup as the link is moved downwardly. Owing to theadjustability of the collar 51 upon the link it will be observed that aspace greater than the thickness of the bar 4:9 of the stirrup throughwhich the link extends, will separate the respective collars, therebyproviding for a certain amount of lost motion between the link and thestirrup, which is availed of as will later be explained.

Before referring to the operation of the parts thus far described,reference will be made to heir normal relationship to those of themachine, that is, from an operative standpoint. It should first beunderstood, however, that the portion of the chamber of the cylinderlying above the piston 29, including also the pipe and that portion ofthe chamber of the cylinder 36 lying below the piston 40, is filled withoil or other substantially non-compressible fluid 53. This fluid form'spractically one of the working elements of the combination inasmuch asit 1s the-instrumentby which mo- .ing out of the clutch mechanism whichcontrols the operation of the machine. The guard 20 will then beoccupying its elevated or out-of-the-way position as shown in the dottedlines of Fig. 1. This position is defined by the engagement of thatpor-. tion of the guard frame to which thepiston rod '28 is secured,with the bottom end 32 of the cylinder 30, and is effected by thetensional bearing of the spring 33 against the piston 29. With the guard20 occupying its elevated position the piston 29 will then occupy aposition within the cylinder 30-com mensurate with the elevatedpositionof the guard or as indicated'in the dotted lines of Fig. 1. Atthe same time the piston 40 within the cylinder 36 will have been raisedby the treadle through the link 48, collar 50, stirrup 46 and otherconnections into an elevated position substantially as shown in Fig. 4.

Assuming now that the treadle is de pressed for starting the machine,the effect upon the control of the guard is as follows: As the treadleis moved downwardly by the foot of the operator it will operate throughthe link 48, collar 51 and stirrup 46, crossbar 42 and piston rod 41 todraw down the piston 40 in the chamber of the cylinder 36, therebymoving or displacing the fluid which lies between the piston 40 and thepiston 29. In other words, the fluid is forced out of the chamber of thecylinder 36 into the chamber of the cylinder 30 where it operates toforce down the piston 29 and this through the piston rod 28 and guardframe operates to close the guard. Of course the movement of the fluidfor operating the guard will continue until the treadle is fullydepressed. Inasmuch as the treadlemust be fully depressed-in order tostart the ma chine, it is evident that the guard will have become.fullyclosed before the machine is started. The guard will remain closedas long as the treadle is held depressed and the machine in operation.When the treadle is released from the -pressure operating-to depress it,it will immediately be returned.

to its normal elevated position by the spring 13 and the machinestopped. As the treadle is returned to its elevated positionby thespring 13 it operates through the link 48,

collar thereon, stirrup 46 and other connecting parts above referred to,to raise the piston 40 within the chamber of the cylinder 36, producingtherein a vacuum tending to draw back the'fluid into this cylinderthrough the pipe 35 from out of the cylinder 30, thereby allowing thespring 33, which has been contracted by the previous operation, toexpand against the piston 29 and open the guard, which assumes itsnormal out-of-the-wayposition as above defined.

In order that the fluid may properly 0pcrate to move the guard, it isnecessary that certain relative proportions be maintained between thecylinder chamber containing the piston 29 and that containing the piston40. Any necessity for exactness or refinement in such proportions I haveeliminated by the adjustment to which I shall presently refer. By thissame adjustment provision is made whereby the attachment may be easilyapplied to any machine and compensation be made also in differentmachines for the relative height and amount of travel of the punch withrelation to the die. The adjustment for attaining these ends consistssimply in providing the rod 48 which-connects the treadle with thestirrup with;the adjustable collar 51 as above referredto. To understandthe applicability of this adjustment reference must again be made tocertain phases "of the operation of the attachment as a whole; As beforedescribed the full open and closed positions of theguard arecommensurate in time with the full raised and depressed positions of thetreadle, which in turn determine, respectively, the starting andstopping of the machine. Reference has also been made to the fact thatthe treadle when moved into its elevated position for stopping themachine, operates through the link 48 and collar 50 thereon to lift thestirrup 46 by the bearing of this collar against the stirrup, theraising of the stirrup throughthe other connecting means operating tolift the piston 40 and thereby relieve the fluid from the cylinder 30,permitting the spring 33 to raise the guard into its full open position.-,Onthe other hand, as the "treadle is depressed .for

closing the: guardit will operate through the link 48 and collar 51thereon, which the piston therein closing theguard. In the initialattachment to any machine the parts are so set that when the treadle isoc-- cupying its full raised position it will thenoperate through thebearing of the collar against the stirrup (which in fact may be a fixedcollar) to lift the piston 40 to a position where the fluid will besufiiciently withdrawn from the chamber of the cylinder-30 to permit thespring 33 to raise the guard to its full maximum open position, and thismay be determined by the location on the frame of the machine of thecylinder 80, the bottom end of which acts as a stop for defining thefull open position of the guard. From this maximum open positionpractically any desired amount of travel may be imparted to the guardfor closing it and the guard become fully closed at a period coincidentwith the full depression of the treadle preliminary to starting themachine, simply by the adjustable location of the collar 51 withrelation to the stirrup. In other words, the amount of travel impartedto the guard will depend upon the space which separates the collar fromthe bar ll of the stirrup. That is, the treadle will operate to move thepiston &0 for displacing the fiuid only when this collar 51 engages thestirrup. Accordingly any amount of lost motion may be provided for inthe operation of the treadle as willpermit it moving the piston d0 justso far that the fluid displaced by it will have operated to close theguard only when the treadle has become fully depressed just preliminaryto the starting. of the machine.

It is desirable in order to secure the exact and proper operation of themachine, that the chambered connections between the pistons 29 and 4.0be kept full of fluid'at all timesand no partial vacuum occur therein asmight otherwise occur owing to the fact that the raised position of thepiston 29 is a limited one. I have therefore provided whereby theconnections between the pistons may automatically be kept filled withfluid at all times and the possibility of a vacuum therein beeliminated. Located within that section of the pipe 35 which extendsover and around the frame of the machine is a coupling 5a (see Fig.Having threaded connection with this coupling and extending upwardlytherefrom is a short pipe section 55 which has threaded connection witha valve casing 56. Having threaded connection with the upper end of thisvalve casing is a short pipe section 57 connecting with a tank orreservoir 58 which is kept filled with oil. Communication through thevarious connections between the chamber of the reservoir and the pipe 35is controlled by an inwardly-open- 1 ,rccgesi bearing upon its upper enda stemipiece or head 64. Coiled around the stem and located' between thehead 64; and the guide 63 is a spring 65 which operates to hold thevalve in a normal closed position against any head of oil which may becontained in the reservoir 58. The guide 63 may consist simply of acrossbar fixed to the interior of the valve casing or of a gridsubstantially as shown in Fig. 5. In the event of the escape of oil fromthe connections between the two pistons 29 and 40 a partial vacuum willbe formed therein with the effect that when thepiston 40 is elevated fordrawing back the fluid, sufficient suction will ensue, after the piston29'has been raised to its full elevated position, to open the valve 60and draw oil from the reservoir in sufficient amount to entirely fillthe connections, after w iich the valve will again be returned to aclosed position by the spring.

It is much to be desired in an attachment of the present kind that themachine should be incapable of being started in case the hands of theoperator are in a position where they might be injured by the punch. Byreference to Fig. 1 it will be observed that the rightlaterally-prcjecting end of the bottom frame bar 23 carrying the guardhas attached to it outside the piston 28 an upright bar or rod whichextends up wardly and at the upper end thereof is provided with a finger71 which turns inwardly and around a toothed bar 72 fastened to theframe of the machine just outside the cylinder 30. The bent finger 71presents an edge 73 adapted to engage any of the teeth of the bar 72,and it is also to be observed that these teeth are set or inclined sothat the finger or edge thereof will have engagement with the teeth onlyas the finger is drawn downwardly during the closure of the guard. Thenormal position of the finger is one such that the engaging edge 73thereof will lie just out of contact with the teeth of the bar andaccordingly will have no engagement therewith during the ordinary andproper opening and closure of the guard. In the event, however, that thehands of the operator are beneath the punch when the treadle isdepressed for starting the machine, then as the guard is moveddownwardly by the .treadle it will be brought into engagement with thehands or arms of the operator. Such contact tends to cramp the guard andaccordingly by the distortion thereof to draw the edge 73 of the fingerinto engagement with some one of the teeth on the bar 72. The rod 70thereon will prevent further lowering of the guard which has theindirect effect of preventing further depression of the treadle and thestarting of the machine, for as above explained the machine cannotbestarted'until the treadle has been fully depressed and the fulllowering'of the guard tion,;I claim and desire to secure by Letterspiston, connections within which said pistons operate-and providing alsoa closed passage between said pistons adapted to contam a substantiallynon-compress1ble "fluid column, and means for operating said fluidoperating piston.

2.111 a safetydevice of the character, specified, the combination with amovable guard, of means for controlling-the'open and closed positionsthereof, the same comprising a movable fluid-operated piston connectingwith said guard, afiuid-operating piston, connections within whichsaid-pistons operate fand providing also a closed passage between saidpistons,a column of substantially non-compressible fluid containedwithin and filling the passage be tween said pistons, and means foroperating said fluid-operatingpiston; I 1 I 3. In a safety device ofthecharacter specified, a movable guard and means for controlling the opena'nd closed positions thereof, said means comprisinga fluid-opera atedpiston connecting with said guard," a fluid-operating piston, cylinderscontaining said pistons, a pipe connecting said cylinders, saidcylinders and pipe in thespace inclosed thereby-lying between saidpistons being adapted to contain a substantially non-compressible fluid,and means for operating said fluid-operating piston;

4. In a safety device of the character specified, a. movable guard andmeans for controlling the open and closed positions thereof, said meanscomprising a fluid-operated piston connecting with said guard, a

fluid-operating piston, cylinders containing said pistons, a pipeconnecting said cylinders, a column of some substantiallynoncompressible fluid contained within the cylinders and pipe connectionlying between said pistons and movable therewith, and means foroperating said fluid-operating piston,

5.'In a safety device of the character,

specified, the combination with a movable guard, of means forcontrolling the open and closed positions thereof, the same'comprising apiston having a piston rod connecting with said guard whereby said guardmay be moved to occupy open and closed positions commensurate WithPOSif/IOIIS occupied'byjsaid piston, a cylinder containing said'piston,means for 'holdi ngsaid guard therewith,

"ing said'piston and in a normally open position with said pis- ..tonoccupying a position commensurate and a fluid-actuating means opferablefroin' a distance-for operating said piston.

6. In a safety device of thefcharacte'r specified,- the-combination withmovable guard, of means for controllingthe open and closed. positionsthereof,"the same comprising a pistonhaving a piston rod connecting withsaid guard whereby said guard may be moved'to occupy open and closedpositions commensurate with positions occupied by said piston, a'cylinder containing said piston, a stop-defining'the normal openposition ofs'aid guard, and afiuid-actuating means operable fromladistance for operat guard controlled by it.

7; In a safety device of the character specified, the combination. withamovable and closed positions thereof, the same, "com prising a pistonhavinga piston rod con necting with said guard whereby saidaguard may bemoved to occupy open and closed positions commensurate with positions'occu-V piedbyjsaid piston, a cylinder containing said piston, meansfordefining the open position of said piston, means for holding saidguard in a normallyopen position with said piston occupying a positioncommensurate therewith, and a fluid-actuating means operable fromadistance for operating-said piston. o a 1 8. In asafety device ofthecharacter specified, the combination with a movable guard, of meansfor controllingthe open and closed positions thereof,'the same comprising a piston having a'piston rod connecting withsaidguard'wherebysaid guard guard, of means for controlling the openspecified, the combination comprising a movable guard having'abarprojecting laterally therefrom, agpiston hav ng a piston rod'connecting with said bar, a cylinder containing said piston, and afiuid-actuatmg means operable from a distance for operating sald pistonto move sa d guard through said piston rod and bar as afore said. I M It '10; In a safety device of the character specified, the combinationwith a movable guard, ofparts controlling the'position of said guard andcomprising in part a fluidactuated piston, connections through which afluid column may be directed to said piston for operating the same froma distance, a fluid-actuating piston contained within said connectionsfor moving the fiuid c0lumn, a main operating lever, and connec tionsinterposed between said lever and said fluid-actuating piston wherebysaid fluidactuating piston may be moved in reverse directions as saidlever is operated.

11. In a safety device of the character specified, the combination witha movable guard, of a fluid-operated piston, means connecting saidpiston with said guard whereby said guard may be moved to occupy openand closed positions commensurate with positions occupied by saidpiston, means for maintaining said guard in a normally open position andsaid piston in a position commensurate therewith, connections throughwhich a fluid column may be directed to said pistonfor operating it froma distance for closing said guard, a fiuid actuating piston for movingsaid column, a main operating lever connecting with said fluid-actuatingpiston, and means whereby said lever may actuate said piston to movesaid column during a determinate full or partial movement thereof.

a 12. In a safety device of the character specified, the combinationwith a movable guard, of a fluid-operated piston, means connecting saidpiston with said guard whereby said guard may be moved to occupy openand closed positions commensurate with positions occupied by saidpiston, means for maintaining said guard in a normally open position andsaid piston in a position com- -mensurate therewith, connections throughwhich a fluid column may be directed to said piston for operating itfrom a distance for closing said guard, a fluid-actuating piston formoving said column, a main operating lever, means connecting said leverwith said fluid-actuating piston whereby it may be moved by said leverwhen moved in one direction to a position where the fluid columncontrolled by it will permit of the full opening of said guard and upona reverse movement of said lever said piston and fluid column controlledby it will be moved just enough to close said guard.

13. In a safety device of the character specified, the combination witha movable guard, of a fluid-operated piston, means connecting saidpiston with said guard whereby said guard may be moved to occupy openand closed positions commensurate with positions occupied by saidpiston, means for maintaining said guard in a normally open position andsaid piston in a position com.- mensurate therewith, connections throughwhich a fluid column may be directed to said piston for operating itfrom a distance for closing said guard, a fluid-actuating piston formoving said column, a main operating lever, means controlling said leverto have a determinate movement in reverse directions, and an adjustableconnection between said lever and said fluid-actuating piston wherebysaid lever may operate said piston and fluid column controlled by it assaid lever is reversely moved with a determinate movement irrespectiveof the full reverse movement of said lever.

14. In a safety. device of the character specified, the combination witha movable guard, of means for controlling the open and closed positionsthereof, the same comprising in part a fluid-actuated piston connectingwith said guard, connections through which a fluid column may be.directed to said piston for operating it from a distance, afluid-operating piston, and means whereby the connection between saidpistons may automatically be kept filled with fluid.

15. In a safety device of the character specified, the combination witha movable guard, of means forv controlling the open and closed positionsthereof, the same comprising in part a fluid-actuated piston conne'ctingwith said guard, connections through which a fluid column may bedirected to said piston for operating it from a distance, afluid-operating piston, a receptacle for containing fluid with aconnection leading therefrom and into the'connection between saidpistons by which fluid may be directed thereto from said receptacle, anda valvular device located within the passage of said connection out ofsaid receptacle comprising a valve opening in the direction of theconnection between the pistons and means for holding said valvein anormally closed position.

16. In a safety device of the character specified, the combination witha movable guard, of means for controlling the open and closed positionsthereof, the same comprising a fluid-actuated piston connecting withsaid guard, a fluid-actuating means for operating said piston to closesaid guard, a fixture arranged adjacent said guard, and means carried bysaid guard and adapted to have engagement with said fixture forarresting the movement of said guard toward a closed position upon thetorsional displacement of said guard.

17. In a safety device of the character specified, the combination witha movable guardhaving a lateral extension,'of means for controlling theopen and closed positions of said guard, the same comprising afluid-actuated piston having a piston rod connecting with said lateralextension of the guard whereby said guard may be moved to a closedposition by said piston, a fluid-actuating means for operating saidpiston to close said guard, a fixture arranged adja- 1 cent said guard,and means carried by the lateral extension of said guard and adapted tohave engagement with said fixture for arresting the movement of saidguard toward a closed position and also the movement of said piston forclosing said guard upon the torsional displacement of said guard.

18. In a safety device of the character specified, the combination witha movable guard, of means for controlling the open and closed positionsthereof, the same comprising a fluid-actuated piston connecting withsaid guard, a fluid-actuating means for operating said piston to closesaid guard, a

fixture arranged adjacent said guard and 5 presenting a toothed edge andan arm carried by said guard and presenting an edge out of contact withthe toothed edge of said fixture during the normal operation of saidguard but adapted to have engagement with the toothed edge of saidfixture for arresting the movement of said guard toward a closedposition upon a torsional displacement of said guard.

BENJAMIN J. GRAHAM. Witnesses:

.JoHN E. R. HAYEs, M. E. FLAHERTY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

